The roar of 53,000 fans at Goodison Park in 1920 proved that women’s football could draw crowds rival‑the‑men’s game. Yet a year later the Football Association (FA) closed the gates, declaring the sport “unsuitable for females” and accusing organisers of mis‑handling money.
The First Golden Age (1910s‑1920s)
During the immediate post‑war years, works teams and charitable sides sprang up across England. The most famous fixture was a 1920 clash between Dick, Kerr Ladies and St Helen’s, staged at Goodison Park and witnessed by over 53,000 spectators. Players like Lily Parr dazzled crowds with powerful runs, drawing attendances of 45,000‑plus on several occasions. The popularity was not a fleeting novelty; the ELFA Challenge Cup in June 1922 saw Stoke Ladies lift the trophy, underscoring an organised competition structure that rivalled the men’s game.
Why the FA Acted
The decision was less about health and more about preserving the male‑dominated status quo. In the early 1920s the FA faced financial strain, and the flourishing women’s matches threatened gate receipts and sponsorships for men’s clubs. Minutes from the 1921 meeting reveal concerns that “profits are being mismanaged” by women’s organisers, a vague accusation that served to justify the ban without any legal basis to forbid women from playing outright.
The FA’s stance echoed broader societal attitudes: medical journals of the era warned against “excessive physical exertion” for women, and the press often portrayed female players as novelties rather than athletes. By controlling the venues, the FA could claim the ban protected “the game’s integrity” while safeguarding its own economic interests.
Underground Persistence (1920s‑1960s)
The ban did not extinguish the sport. Teams slipped onto municipal parks, school fields and any open space that would host a match. The 1930s and 1940s saw regular fixtures in towns like Preston and Sheffield, though crowds dwindled without the draw of major stadiums. Wartime charity matches kept the spirit alive, and by the 1960s a small but vocal movement campaigned for reinstatement of access to FA grounds.
“The pitch may be grass, but the passion never faded.”
Pressure from women’s groups, shifting public opinion, and the FA’s desire to appear progressive in the late 1960s forced a reconsideration. In 1970 the ban was finally lifted, allowing women’s teams to book FA‑affiliated venues again—a watershed moment that paved the way for the modern women’s game.
The Ban’s Long‑Term Legacy
Decades of exclusion meant the women’s game had to restart almost from scratch. Development pathways, coaching qualifications and youth structures lagged behind continental rivals, a gap still felt today. Yet the resilience of those early pioneers forged a cultural memory that fuels contemporary campaigns for equality, such as equal pay debates and the push for more televised women’s fixtures.
For a deeper look at how historic bans reshape modern football, see our analysis of why some nations never retained the World Cup since Brazil in 1962 [/news/why-has-no-nation-retained-the-world-cup-since-brazil-in-1962] and the story behind the away goals rule [/news/why-was-the-away-goals-rule-abolished].